In the aftermath of the Assad regime’s collapse, Syria has witnessed the emergence of two constitutional declarations—one formally labeled, the other implicit—each shaping a new vision for the Syrian state. This commentary argues that national identity in post-regime Syria is not being shaped by a single founding text but through the interplay of these dual declarations: the resolutions of the Victory Conference and the March 2025 constitutional declaration.

The analysis emphasizes that the Victory Conference, though not officially designated as a constitutional declaration, functions as one in substance. It establishes foundational authority, asserts supremacy over prior law, introduces a legal rupture with the past, and frames the transition as temporary. Together with the March declaration, it lays the symbolic and legal groundwork for redefining Syrian identity.

More than legal texts, these declarations are seen as narrative tools of identity-making. They articulate who belongs in the Syrian polity, what values are elevated, and which histories are remembered or sidelined. The commentary identifies five distinct markers of the emerging Syrian identity: 

1. Victory Day as a new national anchor, replacing revolutionary legitimacy with post-revolutionary authority; 

2. The reintroduction of Islamic jurisprudence as the principal source of legislation; 

3. Affirmation of Arabic as a cultural marker, decoupled from pan-Arab ideology; 

4. Unprecedented constitutional recognition of Syria’s ethnic and cultural diversity; and 

5. A shift from pan-Arabism to a bounded, territorial Syrian nationalism.

Despite this reimagining, the article cautions that true national identity cannot be decreed; it must be lived, taught, and institutionalized. The declarations offer a framework, but their significance depends on implementation—whether through education, legislation, public commemorations, or inclusive state practices. Syria’s new identity remains in formation, shaped as much by action as by words.