The article delves into the impasse in the discussions of the Syrian Constitutional Committee in Geneva, focusing on the contentious issues of identity and citizenship. Two primary perspectives dominate the debate: one sees identity as fundamental to the state and the basis of all rights, while the other prioritizes equal rights and citizenship as the foundation of nationhood. Despite their theoretical compatibility, the prioritization of one over the other has stalled the constitutional process.

Key questions arise regarding Syrian national identity: What defines it? Should Arabism or Islam be seen as sub-identities or comprehensive cultural frameworks? How should the constitution address Syria's ethnic and religious diversity? The article explores the complexities of reconciling identity and citizenship, emphasizing that citizenship implies equal rights regardless of religious or ethnic background and focusing on political rather than social majorities and minorities.

Two critical issues—religious belief and language—illustrate the challenges of integrating identity into an equal citizenship framing. The state must protect freedom of belief and education in one's mother tongue, fundamental aspects of citizenship. However, determining which religious practices to support and which languages to promote complicates the issue. Examples from Germany and Norway show how states can balance identity and citizenship.

The article argues that international charters recognize the importance of identity, and states must protect all cultures to ensure true citizenship. It refutes the notion that citizenship is unrelated to identity, asserting that a comprehensive national identity is essential for a cohesive state.

The article calls for a balanced approach to identity and citizenship in future constitutional debates in Syria, emphasizing that both principles are crucial for national unity and stability.