Survey of Perceptions of Security Threats Stemming from the Syrian Refugee Presence in Lebanon

About

The study "Survey of Perceptions of Security Threats Stemming from the Syrian Refugee Presence in Lebanon" is conducted by the Beirut Research and Innovation Center (BRIC) in collaboration with International Alert and the Lebanese Center for Policy Research (LCPS). This study, a follow-up to earlier research under the "Developing National Capabilities for Security and Stabilization" program, aimed to understand the security concerns from the perspective of Lebanese communities.

This publication is a pre-LUGARIT work by our expert.

Summary

The study provides insightful findings on the perceptions of security threats in Lebanon due to Syrian refugees. The research utilized a multi-track approach, including semi-structured interviews with key figures, focus groups, and surveys, to garner a comprehensive view of the issue. The primary findings reveal varied perceptions of security threats among Lebanese respondents, influenced by factors such as location, gender, age, employment, income level, political affiliation, and personal connections to Syrians.

Key findings include:

Varied Perceptions by Location: Security threat perceptions varied significantly by location, with stark contrasts in responses between the North, Bekaa, and major cities. Sectarian stereotypes were not consistently influencing these perceptions.
Diverse Influencing Factors: Factors like gender, age, employment status, income level, political affiliations, and personal relationships with Syrians (such as having a Syrian spouse) influenced people's perceptions differently across various issues.
General Increase in Security Concerns: A significant increase in security concerns was noted post the arrival of Syrian refugees. Around 75% of Lebanese felt their areas became less safe, compared to 40% who felt this way two years prior.
Types of Crimes Perceived: There was a perceived increase in various types of crimes, with petty crimes being slightly more prevalent. However, gender-based crimes were perceived as less prevalent, with some areas reporting a reduction.
Influence of Hearsay: Over 66% of respondents formed their perceptions based on hearsay, indicating a potentially irrational level of concern.
Concerns About Job Competition and Service Shortages: Competition for jobs and shortages in services like water, schools, and public spaces were highlighted concerns, though responses varied.
Cultural and Moral Threats: Perceptions of threats to local morality and culture varied considerably by location, with some areas perceiving these as major threats.
Positive Side Effects of Syrian Presence: Some limited positive impacts of the Syrian refugee presence were noted, despite the overarching security concerns.
Media and Political Influence: Media coverage and political narratives significantly influenced public perception, often emphasizing sectarian problems.
Local Measures to Curb Threats: Local authorities implemented measures like curfews and ID checks, but these were met with skepticism regarding their effectiveness and legitimacy.
Absence of Coherent National Policy: A lack of a coherent national policy and sufficient data hindered effective mitigation of risks associated with the refugee crisis.
Attitudes Towards Hosting Refugees in Camps: Most Lebanese supported hosting refugees in camps under humane conditions and with international support, despite concerns about long-term impacts on sectarian balance and potential criminal activities.

The study underscores the complexity of the security threat perceptions in Lebanon related to the Syrian refugee presence, influenced by a multitude of factors and exacerbated by media and political narratives. The findings call for comprehensive solutions addressing security, legal, political, and local governance aspects.