As of November 2013, Lebanon hosted approximately one million Syrian refugees, with more arriving daily. This study aimed to provide a detailed understanding of the refugees' living conditions, sources of income, expenditure patterns, coping mechanisms, and their perceptions of life in Lebanon.

The research was conducted from August to October 2013, employing a multi-track approach to fit within time and budget constraints. It involved three distinct questionnaires: the first targeted key Lebanese officials serving the Syrian refugee population; the second guided focus group discussions in several Lebanese regions; and the third, a detailed questionnaire, documented the socio-economic and demographic conditions of 260 households.

The methodology was distinctive in its attempt to assess not just individual households but also the general conditions of the clusters in which they lived. This approach aimed to draw larger correlations than a simple household survey could provide. The study covered four main areas: demographics and household information; economic conditions; social conditions; and future outlook.

Key findings from the study include:

1. Demographics: The Syrian refugee population in Lebanon is slightly younger and has more females compared to the general Syrian population. Most households are headed by men, but women head about 20% of the households.

2. Economic Conditions: The average household income is around $250 per month. The main expenses are food, rent, and medical services, leading to a high level of spending relative to income. To bridge the gap between income and expenditure, families rely on UNHCR and UNRWA subsidies, personal savings, and debt. Notably, 77% of households surveyed are in debt.

3. Employment: Only 32% of the working-age population reported having paid employment. A significant portion of the population has had to change careers and seek less skilled work in Lebanon. Discrimination and a lack of available jobs are significant challenges.

4. Education: Approximately 25% of school-age children are attending school, with a higher enrollment rate for girls. Families tend to send only one or two of their younger children to school.

5. Social Conditions and Safety: Most respondents feel safe in their communities, relying on each other and developing word-of-mouth communication networks. However, prejudice and discrimination are still prevalent.

6. Future Outlook: Respondents were divided about their future, with some hoping to return to Syria soon, while others anticipated a longer stay in Lebanon. The primary reason for fleeing Syria was violence and fighting, and the prospect of returning is contingent on the restoration of peace.

7. Concerns and Fears: The respondents' greatest concerns include poverty, refugee status, lack of dignified work, their children's education, and the loss of loved ones during the war.

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the conditions facing Syrian refugees in Lebanon, highlighting the complex challenges they face and the urgent need for continued support and assistance.