The 5 essays by Omar Abdulaziz Hallaj in the book " Damascus - Aleppo 5000 years " collectively explore Aleppo's urban and architectural history. 

The essay "Action Area Planning," focuses on the concept of action planning in urban rehabilitation, specifically in the Old City of Aleppo. It discusses the integration of top-down planning and bottom-up implementation, emphasizing early objective identification and strategy development. The essay covers the action area concept, developed to bridge the gap between abstract citywide planning and community-based approaches, incorporating local participation. It also explores planning objectives, spatial strategies, and subject plans, highlighting the importance of involving local communities in planning processes, especially in historic urban areas. The essay underlines the significance of both quantitative and qualitative land use plans in urban management, stressing the need for flexible approaches in historic preservation and local development.

The essay "Awqaf," examines the historical and modern roles of the Awqaf Directorate in Aleppo's urban rehabilitation. It outlines the evolution of waqf (charitable endowments) from medieval Muslim society to modern institutional management. The essay highlights the Awqaf Directorate's significant influence in the Old City of Aleppo, detailing its transition from individual administration to public management and its role in property maintenance, religious affairs, and urban rehabilitation. The collaboration between the Awqaf Directorate and other urban protagonists, particularly in the rehabilitation of the Old City, is a key focus, illustrating its impact on urban planning and preservation.

The third essay delves into the historical significance and architectural details of the Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamily in Aleppo, established in 1354 AD. It explores the evolution of bimaristans (Islamic hospitals) in architecture and function, focusing on their role in the Muslim world and the specific architectural advancements in the Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamily. The essay details the life of its patron, Arghun al-Kamily, the building's design, and its societal and medical functions, emphasizing the integration of healthcare and educational roles in Mamluk society.

The fourth essay on the Hűsrev Pasha Mosque explores its significance as a symbol of Ottoman influence in Aleppo. Constructed during the 16th century, this mosque exemplifies Ottoman provincial architecture and represents a shift in urban spatial order. The essay details its historical context, including the mosque's patron, Hűsrev Pasha, and the possible involvement of the famous architect Sinan. It delves into architectural features like the mosque's imposing dome and standardized Ottoman design elements, and discusses the mosque's impact on Aleppo's urban development and architectural landscape.

The last essay "Roumi" focuses on the Mankali Bugha Mosque in Aleppo. It discusses the mosque's historical and urban significance, emphasizing its social and political roles during the Mamluk era. The essay delves into the architectural style and design features of the mosque, highlighting its place in the development of Mamluk architecture. It also explores the mosque's role in shaping Aleppo's urban landscape and the complex interplay of political, social, and religious factors in its construction and subsequent history.

Mr. Hallaj’s 5 essays collectively emphasize rehabilitation, Islamic philanthropy, historical healthcare institutions, Ottoman architectural influence, and the Mamluk era's socio-political impact. His comprehensive approach integrates historical context, architectural analysis, and urban planning, highlighting the city's rich cultural heritage and its transformation over centuries.