This paper examines the evolution and implications of Syria's territorial governance. It traces the historical trajectory of administrative divisions, highlighting patterns of centralized dominance since Ottoman times and their consolidation under the French Mandate and post-independence governments. The study emphasizes how territorial governance systems were manipulated spatially to consolidate state power and maintain control over diverse regions by fostering local patronage networks.

The paper evaluates Decree 107 of 2011, introduced during the Syrian conflict, which aimed to decentralize governance by empowering Local Administrative Units (LAUs). Despite its intent, the decree largely entrenched central authority through mechanisms like the President's power to dissolve local councils, fostering inequities and limiting genuine autonomy; but focuses particularly on the spatial manipulation of administrative divisions as a tool of building political patronage in loyalist regions. Representation imbalances and urban-rural disparities in governance and resource allocation were prominent, reflecting political motivations rather than equitable principles.

Fragmentation during the conflict further diversified territorial orders. De facto authorities such as the Autonomous Administration of Northern and Eastern Syria (AANES), Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), and the Syrian Interim Government (SIG) established localized governance models, adapting administrative frameworks to political and security needs. These divergent systems underscore the challenges of reuniting Syria under a cohesive governance model post-Assad.

The paper advocates for reforming Syria's territorial orders to address systemic imbalances, ensure equitable resource distribution, and prioritize inclusive governance. It proposes carefully dealing with redundant municipalities, leveraging cities as stable governance hubs, and balancing rural-urban administrative roles. Recommendations warn of hastily readjusting administrative boundaries and stress designing adaptable frameworks that reflect historical legacies while addressing contemporary socio-political realities to achieve sustainable development and national cohesion.