This research paper examines the evolving conflict dynamics in Telkeyf, Iraq, offering insights into local conflicts, conflict resolution mechanisms, and community visions for peace. Unlike commonly assumed ethno-religious divisions, the study finds that the key fault line in Telkeyf runs between so-called "original" families—both Christian and Arab—and more recent arrivals. The demographic shifts, exacerbated by the presence of armed actors and political interference, have created a deep sense of mistrust among residents.

The study identifies two major conflicts in Telkeyf: 

1. Demographic changes and their associated tensions, including fears of Islamic State (IS) sympathizers among new arrivals, 

2. The interference of armed groups, particularly Hashd al-Shaʿbī, in local politics and the economy. 

The monopolization of trade, political manipulation, and exclusion from national economic benefits have worsened the socio-economic conditions, limiting opportunities for community reintegration.

Local conflict resolution mechanisms, including tribal mediation (ṣulḥ), religious institutions, and town councils, are ineffective in addressing these complex issues. The judicial system is seen as unreliable, and women remain largely excluded from decision-making processes. Residents overwhelmingly express a desire for security sector reform, particularly the removal of armed groups, and legal reforms that guarantee equal citizenship rights.

The study highlights that international aid actors, while unable to directly address political and security concerns, can play a crucial role in supporting legal reforms, facilitating access to justice, and fostering economic recovery. Beyond social cohesion efforts, targeted economic interventions—such as small grants to re-establish trade and livelihoods—can help restore trust and stability.

Ultimately, sustainable peace in Telkeyf requires a shift from reliance on local mediation to structural reforms in governance, legal protections, and economic policies.