Sinjar’s Struggles and Hopes: A Vision for Peace

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This article is part of a series of conflict analysis papers by Dr. Esther Meininghaus - an expert at LUGARIT’s consulting network, exploring the unique dynamics of conflict, resolution mechanisms, and visions for peace across different localities in Iraq. The series provides in-depth insights to support evidence-based approaches for policymakers, aid actors, and researchers working in the region.

Summary

Sinjar, a district of significance due to the Yazidi genocide and ongoing struggles with armed groups, land conflicts, and the legal status of women, remains a microcosm of Iraq’s broader challenges. This paper delves into these complex issues, offering a nuanced understanding of local conflicts, their interconnections, and visions for peace rooted in the perspectives of residents and internally displaced persons (IDPs).

The study identifies four major conflict areas:

Safety and Armed Groups: The presence of competing armed groups, impunity, and illicit activities have perpetuated insecurity. Recruitment into these groups often stems from economic desperation.
Impunity for Atrocities: Crimes committed by Daesh (ISIS) and al-Qaeda remain largely unprosecuted, exacerbating trauma and undermining justice for Yazidi survivors and others affected.
Land and Property Disputes: Decades of forced displacement and contested ownership hinder return and recovery efforts for displaced populations, particularly Yazidis.
Status of Women and Children: The return of Yazidi women and children abducted by Daesh faces societal stigma, legal challenges, and lack of social acceptance.

These conflicts are shown to be deeply interconnected, transcending simplistic ethnic or sectarian narratives.

The paper critiques the limitations of local conflict resolution mechanisms, such as ṣulḥ (tribal mediation), which often exclude women and fail to address larger systemic issues. Similarly, the judicial system is marred by corruption and bias, leaving survivors without avenues for justice and accountability.

Despite these challenges, local visions for peace emphasize the need for political solutions, security reforms, and reconciliation. The paper highlights the potential of the 2020 Sinjar Agreement, which aims to address governance and armed group withdrawal, though its implementation has been hindered. Residents stress the importance of addressing trauma, restoring trust, and ensuring inclusive recovery efforts.

With actionable recommendations for legal reform, livelihood support, and reconciliation, this analysis provides a roadmap for aid actors and policymakers to address Sinjar’s unique challenges while fostering a foundation for lasting peace.