This article delves into the complexities of governance in Syria following the collapse of the Assad regime. It highlights the relative success of the Salvation Government in Idlib, driven by factors such as adherence to local cultural values, simplified governance structures, and collaboration with non-governmental entities for service delivery. However, the article stresses that these factors cannot be replicated nationwide without significant adaptation.

Key governance challenges are outlined, including the need to transition from a localized governance model to a more expansive one that incorporates Syria's diverse cultural and socio-economic landscape. Structural reforms are essential, particularly in addressing the entrenched corruption, inefficiency, and fragmented local administration. The article also emphasizes the importance of establishing intermediary oversight mechanisms to ensure accountability and effectiveness at various administrative levels.

Economic recovery presents another critical hurdle. With Syria's GDP drastically reduced, substantial investments are required to rebuild infrastructure, restore services, and stimulate growth. However, reliance on international donors is insufficient, necessitating innovative strategies for resource allocation and management. Furthermore, inflation control, equitable distribution of resources, and fostering economic opportunities are essential to avoid public discontent and ensure long-term stability.

The article argues that achieving legitimacy is pivotal for the new governance framework. This involves both revolutionary (de facto) legitimacy, rooted in maintaining stability, and legal (de jure) legitimacy, derived from a participatory constitutional process. Key priorities include constitutional reform, local governance reorganization, economic stabilization, and community reconciliation. The paper concludes that fostering inclusive dialogue and leveraging civil society are vital for sustainable governance and the nation’s recovery. Subsequent publications will detail actionable mechanisms to address these challenges.